GEOALIGN: Geometric Rollout Curation for Robust LLM Reinforcement Learning

[Submitted on 25 Jun 2026]

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Abstract:Online reinforcement learning is widely used to align large language models (LLMs) with reward signals, yet training can be unstable under noisy or misspecified rewards. We identify a failure mode we call directional inconsistency: within a batch, a small set of high-reward rollouts induces representation-space preference directions that sharply disagree with the batch majority, resulting in high-variance and destabilizing updates. We propose geoalign, a lightweight plug-in for rollout curation in iterative policy optimization. Geoalign (i) forms within-prompt preference pairs, (ii) learns an online projector on per-rollout hidden states to concentrate reward-ordered displacement directions, and (iii) detects directionally inconsistent rollouts via their angular deviation from a batch consensus prototype and rectifies them with within-prompt stable alternatives. Geoalign is forward-pass only and adds negligible overhead. Across dialogue alignment with a learned reward model and mathematical reasoning with binary verified rewards, Geoalign improves final performance and reduces training oscillation, outperforming PF-PPO, PAR, PODS, and Seed-GRPO. These results suggest latent directional consensus as an effective reliability signal for online LLM RL.

Submission history

From: Daoyuan Chen [view email]
[v1] Thu, 25 Jun 2026 11:53:37 UTC (14,026 KB)