linux lab

Lab 1 – Linux Navigation & Files (20 points)

Task 1

Create the following structure.

/home/student/
├── project
│   ├── logs
│   ├── scripts
│   └── backup

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Requirements

• create all directories
• create

app.log
error.log
install.sh

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inside correct folders.

Task 2

Move

app.log

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into

backup

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Task 3

Delete

error.log

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Task 4

Find

install.sh

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using only one command.

Lab 2 – Permissions (20 points)

Create

secret.txt

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Requirements

Owner

• read/write

Group

• read

Others

• no access

Verify permissions.

Create a new user

developer

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Switch to that user.

Can the user read

secret.txt

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Explain why.

Lab 3 – Processes (20 points)

Start a process

Example

sleep 500

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Questions

Find

• PID

Kill the process

Verify it stopped.

Bonus

Find the top five processes using the most memory.

Lab 4 – Disk Space (20 points)

Create a directory

practice

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Generate a file about 100 MB.

Questions

How much disk space is used?

How much free disk space remains?

Which command shows directory size?

Lab 5 – Networking (30 points)

Find

Your

• hostname
• private IP
• default gateway
• DNS server

Ping

8.8.8.8

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Questions

Did it work?

Ping

google.com

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If this fails but

8.8.8.8

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works,

what is the problem?

Display

All listening ports.

What service is listening on port 22?

Lab 6 – Troubleshooting (40 points)

Scenario 1

A user says

“Internet is not working.”

Show the commands you would run.

Expected ideas

ip addr
ping 8.8.8.8
ping google.com
ip route
cat /etc/resolv.conf

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Explain each step.

Scenario 2

A website is down.

Questions

How do you verify

• server is running?
• nginx is running?
• port 80 is listening?
• firewall issue?
• logs?

Commands should include

systemctl status nginx

journalctl -u nginx

ss -tuln

curl localhost

systemctl restart nginx

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Scenario 3

SSH stopped working.

How would you troubleshoot?

Expected

ping server

ssh localhost

systemctl status ssh

ss -tulpn

journalctl -xe

systemctl restart ssh

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Lab 7 – Mixed Practical (Best Assessment)

Tell students:

You are the new Junior DevOps Engineer.

The manager asks you to prepare a server.

Complete all tasks.

Task 1

Create user

developer

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Task 2

Create

/opt/application

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Task 3

Create

run.sh

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Make it executable.

Task 4

Create a file

server.log

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containing

Application started

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Task 5

Find your IP address.

Task 6

Show free disk space.

Task 7

Start

sleep 300

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Find its PID.

Terminate it.

Task 8

Find every

*.log

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file under

/opt

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Task 9

Display the routing table.

Task 10

Explain the difference between

ping 8.8.8.8

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and

ping google.com

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Oral Questions (Ask During the Lab)

• What is the difference between a process and a service?
• Why do we need DNS?
• What is the difference between a private IP and a public IP?
• What happens when you type google.com into a browser?
• What is the purpose of the default gateway?
• What does chmod 755 mean?
• What is the difference between find and locate?
• What does sudo actually do?
• Why do Linux servers typically not have a graphical interface?
• If a website is down, what would you check first and why?