RSMeM: Knowledge-Enhanced Memory Evolution for Remote Sensing Agents with Systematic Evaluation

[Submitted on 11 Jun 2026]

Authors:Bingxian Wu, Yu Zhang, Zonghao Guo, Tang Liu, Chen Qian, Yuxiang Lu, Xingbo Du, Yanghao Li, Yidan Zhang, Chi Chen, Ling Yao, Maosong Sun

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Abstract:Geoscience research requires complex analysis and domain expertise, with remote sensing (RS) observations as a key foundation. However, existing RS agents built on general-purpose LLMs remain largely domain-agnostic, resulting in brittle and error-prone workflows. Moreover, these failures are seldom consolidated into a reusable experience for subsequent analyses. To address this issue, we introduce RSMeM, a knowledge-enhanced memory evolution mechanism that bootstraps RS agents with pre-distilled domain knowledge and iteratively integrates online experience for robust multi-step tool execution. RSMeM is composed of two components: (i) Hierarchical Knowledge Grounding, which performs taxonomy-aware retrieval over a hierarchical domain corpus to guide planning and tool selection; and (ii) Failure-Aware Experience Refinement, which distills failure-annotated tool-use traces into reusable constraints for next-round tool execution. By iteratively employing these two processes, RS agents can evolve to absorb task-level domain knowledge and effectively translate it into instance-level execution experience. Extensive experiments on EarthBench demonstrate that RSMeM consistently improves tool-use performance and end-to-end answer across a diverse set of LLM backbones. Notably, RSMeM achieves a 6% accuracy improvement on DeepSeek-V3.2 with less than 1% additional experience tokens, demonstrating the strong knowledge density of our distilled experience. Our code is available at this https URL

Submission history

From: Bingxian Wu [view email]
[v1] Thu, 11 Jun 2026 04:23:18 UTC (1,473 KB)