Scaling Trends for Lie Detector Oversight in Preference Learning

[Submitted on 2 Jul 2026]

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Abstract:Deceptive behavior in LLMs is costly to monitor and prevent, motivating approaches such as Scalable Oversight via Lie Detectors (SOLiD) (Cundy & Gleave, 2025), which uses lie detectors to identify responses for review by high-cost labelers. In this paper, we scale SOLiD to larger models and evaluate it in more diverse and realistic preference-learning settings. We find favorable scaling: undetected deception drops from 34% for 1B-parameter models to 14% for 405B-parameter models at a detector true positive rate of 99%, and expensive human labelers can be removed entirely from the fine-tuning phase without a statistically significant increase in deception. However, SOLiD is sensitive to distribution shift between detector training and preference-training data, which can drive detector false positive rates to impractical levels.

Submission history

From: Oskar Hollinsworth [view email]
[v1] Thu, 2 Jul 2026 00:53:33 UTC (1,399 KB)